探究不同颜色和厚度地膜对马铃薯生长和经济效益的影响，为永昌县滴灌马铃薯高效生产提供理论依据。以不覆膜为对照，设置了厚0.010、0.012、0.015、0.018、0.020 mm黑色和白色聚乙烯(PE)地膜覆盖处理，通过研究马铃薯生育期、产量构成因素、商品率、产量及经济效益等指标，以确定最佳地膜颜色和厚度。结果表明，覆膜均能促进马铃薯生长发育，提前马铃薯块茎形成期以延长块茎生长时间。黑色地膜覆盖中，单株结薯数、大中薯数、大中薯重和马铃薯商品率均以厚0.010、0.012 mm地膜覆盖处理较高。白色地膜覆盖中，单株结薯数、单株鲜薯重、大中薯数、大中薯重和马铃薯商品率均以厚0.012、0.015 mm覆膜处理较高，其中0.012 mm覆膜处理较不覆膜处理分别提高46.9%、115.0%、84.6%、24.9%、76.0%，0.015 mm覆膜处理较不覆膜处理分别提高51.0%、112.2%、100.0%、36.1%、79.7%。白色地膜覆盖的马铃薯产量和经济效益整体高于黑色地膜覆盖，其中，0.015 mm白色地膜覆盖增产效果最佳，2 a马铃薯平均产量达37 390.6 kg/hm2，较不覆膜提高59.3%；净收益达到49 043.4元/hm2，较不覆膜增收31 792.2元/hm2，增幅达184.3%。综上所述，0.015 mm白色地膜覆盖产量和经济效益最高，可作为永昌县覆膜滴灌马铃薯主要种植模式推广应用。

This study investigated the effects of plastic film mulching with different colors and thicknesses on potato growth and economic benefit, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for efficient drip-irrigated potato production in Yongchang County. With no mulching as the control, treatments of black and white polyethylene(PE) films with thicknesses of 0.010, 0.012, 0.015, 0.018, and 0.020 mm were applied. Indicators such as potato growth period, yield components, commercial rate, yield, and economic benefit were measured to determine the optimal film color and thickness. Results showed that film mulching promoted potato growth and development, advanced tuber initiation, and extended tuber growth duration. Under black film mulching, the number of tubers per plant, number and weight of medium-large tubers, and commercial rate were higher with 0.010 and 0.012 mm treatments. Under white film mulching, the number of tubers per plant, fresh tuber weight per plant, number and weight of medium-large tubers, and commercial rate were higher with 0.012 and 0.015 mm treatments. Compared with the control, the above indications in the 0.012 mm treatment increased by 46.9%, 115.0%, 84.6%, 24.9% and 76.0%, respectively, while those in the 0.015 mm treatment increased by 51.0%, 112.2%, 100.0%, 36.1% and 79.7%, respectively. Potato yield and economic benefit under white film mulching were overall higher than under black film mulching, with the 0.015 mm white film showing the best yield-enhancing effect. The two-year average potato yield reached 37 390.6 kg/ha, 59.3% higher than the control, while net income reached 49 043.4 Yuan/ha, 31 792.2 Yuan/ha higher than the control, with an increase of 184.3%. In conclusion, the 0.015 mm white film mulching achieved the highest yield and economic benefit and can be recommended as the main planting model for drip-irrigated potato production with film mulching in Yongchang County.

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甘肃省农业农村厅科技支撑项目(KJZC-2023-5)；金昌市科技局示范推广项目(2024NY003Z)。