针对武威地区胡麻生产过程中胡麻成熟不一致，收获时籽粒含水量较高的问题，解决胡麻机械化收获难题。以胡麻品种陇亚13号为试验材料。对比分析20%敌草快水剂、68%草甘膦胺盐可溶粒剂和40%乙烯利水剂3种催熟剂对胡麻成熟度、籽粒性状、产量及机械化收获损失率的影响。结果表明，化学催熟技术可显著提升胡麻机械化收获适配性；敌草快、草甘膦胺盐处理分别使植株含水量较对照喷施清水降低41.15%、37.36%，蒴果含水量降低55.75%、42.18%，同时产量较喷施清水提高3.20%、5.60%。两处理在保证种子活力(发芽率>99%)前提下，使机收适宜窗口期延长。因此，敌草快和草甘膦胺盐可作为胡麻机械化收获的适宜催熟剂。本研究为胡麻机械化收获的催熟技术提供了科学依据，为我国油料作物收获技术升级提供了新思路。

To address the issues of inconsistent maturity and high seed moisture content at harvest in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) production, thereby overcoming the challenges of mechanized harvesting, the flax variety Longya 13 was used as experimental material. The effects of 3 ripening agents, 20% diquat aqueous solution, 68% glyphosate ammonium salt soluble granule, and 40% ethephon aqueous solution, on maturity, seed traits, yield, and mechanized harvest loss rate of flax were compared. Results showed that chemical ripening techniques significantly improved the adaptability of flax to mechanized harvesting. Treatments with diquat and glyphosate ammonium salt reduced plant water content by 41.15% and 37.36% compared with the control of water spray, and capsule water content decreased by 55.75% and 42.18%, respectively, while yield increased by 3.20% and 5.60% compared with the control. Both treatments extended the suitable mechanized harvesting window without compromising seed vigor(germination rate >99%). Therefore, diquat and glyphosate ammonium salt can be considered suitable ripening agents for mechanized flax harvesting. This study provides a scientific basis for ripening technology in flax mechanization and offers a new perspective for upgrading oil crop harvesting technology in China.

S565.9

国家现代农业产业技术体系(GARS-14-2-23)；甘肃省农业农村厅科技支撑项目(KJZC-2025-5)。