为探索凹凸棒石壤改良剂对盐碱化土壤改良的有效措施，于2022 — 2024年连续3 a分析了混施凹凸棒石土壤改良剂40 kg/hm2+农家肥50 t/hm2、单施凹凸棒石土壤改良剂40 kg/hm2对玉米产量及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明，混施凹凸棒石土壤改良剂+农家肥处理在改善玉米农艺性状方面表现最优，3 a平均株高、茎粗较对照常规施肥分别增加8.57%、56.59%，显著降低了玉米秃顶长，并增加了穗粒数；增产效果明显优于其他处理，3 a平均产量较对照常规施肥增产18.45%。从土壤改良效果来看，土壤改良剂的施用显著改善了土壤质量，土壤含水量、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾含量均以混施凹凸棒石土壤改良剂+农家肥处理最高，3 a平均较对照常规施肥分别增加4.90%、12.59%、25.00%、46.88%、25.43%、35.78%，其中土壤速效磷含量增加最为显著；同时可有效降低土壤pH 8.70%～14.67%。相关性分析发现，玉米产量与土壤理化性质呈显著正相关，而与土壤pH呈显著负相关，随着土壤质量的改善，土壤微生物数量也呈现明显增加趋势。综上所述，土壤改良剂的施用不仅能够有效提高玉米产量，还能显著改善土壤理化性质，其中凹凸棒石土壤改良剂40 kg/hm2与农家肥50 t/hm2混施的效果尤为显著，可为盐碱化土地的改良提供理论参考。

To explore effective measures for improving saline-alkali soil with attapulgite amendment, a continuous 3-year analysis was conducted from 2022 to 2024 to evaluate the effects of applying attapulgite soil amendment at 40 kg/ha combined with farmyard manure at 50 t/ha, as well as applying attapulgite soil amendment alone at 40 kg/ha, on maize yield and soil physicochemical properties. Results showed that the combined treatment of attapulgite soil amendment and farmyard manure performed best in improving maize agronomic traits. Compared with conventional fertilization, the 3-year average plant height and stem diameter increased by 8.57% and 56.59%, respectively, while bald ear length was significantly reduced and the number of kernels per ear increased. The yield-increasing effect was markedly better than other treatments, with a 3-year average yield increase of 18.45% compared to the control of conventional fertilization. Regarding soil improvement, application of soil amendment significantly enhanced soil quality. Soil moisture, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, and available potassium contents were all highest in the combined treatment, with 3-year average increases of 4.90%, 12.59%, 25.00%, 46.88%, 25.43% and 35.78% compared with conventional fertilization, among which available phosphorus content increased most significantly. Meanwhile, soil pH was effectively reduced by 8.70% to 14.67%. Correlation analysis revealed that maize yield was significantly positively correlated with soil physicochemical properties and significantly negatively correlated with soil pH. With the improvement of soil quality, the number of soil microorganisms also showed an obvious upward trend. In conclusion, application of soil amendment not only effectively enhanced maize yield but also significantly improved soil physicochemical properties, with the combined treatment of attapulgite soil amendment at 40 kg/ha and farmyard manure at 50 t/ha being particularly effective, providing theoretical reference for the improvement of saline-alkali land.

S156.2；S513

临泽县科技计划项目(22XLJH03)。