针对宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土肥力低和有机碳库稳定性差的问题，利用定位小区试验研究了连续秸秆还田和有机肥配施对土壤理化性状和有机碳组分以及玉米产量的影响，为宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土改良与农业绿色可持续生产提供理论支撑。试验共设 4个处理，即 CK(不施用肥料)、FP(常规施肥: N240kg/hm2、P2O590 kg/hm2、 K2O 90 kg/hm2)、 FP+M(常规施肥 +有机肥 9 000 kg/hm2)、 FP+S(常规施肥 +秸秆 9 000 kg/hm2)。结果表明，连续 6a秸秆还田和有机肥配施，均能降低土壤 pH，优化土壤酸碱环境。常规施肥 +有机肥 9 000 kg/hm2处理、常规施肥 +秸秆 9 000 kg/hm2处理土壤速效磷含量分别较常规施肥显著增加了 55.67%、75.98%，且常规施肥 +有机肥 9 000 kg/hm2处理对土壤铵态氮、硝态氮的提升效果优于常规施肥 +秸秆 9 000 kg/hm2处理；总有机碳含量较常规施肥分别增加 3.10%、29.80%，且常规施肥 +有机肥 9 000 kg/hm2处理的微生物量碳含量最高，达 72.73 mg/kg，较常规施肥处理提高 30.48%，有效增强了土壤碳库功能与微生物活性。常规施肥 +有机肥 9 000 kg/hm2、常规施肥+秸秆 9 000 kg/hm2处理的玉米籽粒产量较常规施肥分别增产 20.70%、18.52%，玉米穗粒数增幅明显。综上，秸秆还田和有机肥配施均为提升宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土肥力与玉米产量的有效技术模式，其中常规施肥 +有机肥 9 000 kg/hm2处理的综合效果最优，可作为该区域农业可持续发展的优选技术方案。

To address the issues of low fertility and poor stability of the organic carbon pool in the irrigation silt soil of the Yel.low River Irrigation Areas in Ningxia, a long-term fixed field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of continuous strawreturning and organic fertilizer application on soil physical and chemical properties, organic carbon fractions, and maize yields. Thisstudy aimed to provide theoretical support for the improvement of irrigation silt soil and the development of sustainable green agricul.ture in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia. 4 treatments were set up: CK (no fertilizer application), FP (conventional fertiliza.tion with N 240 kg/ha, P2O5 90 kg/ha, and K2O 90 kg/ha), FP + M (conventional fertilization + 9 000 kg/ha organic fertilizer), and FP +S (conventional fertilization + 9 000 kg/ha straw). Results showed that continuous 6-year straw returning and organic fertilizer applica.tion could both reduce soil pH and optimize the soil acid-base environment. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,the soil available phosphorus content in the FP + M and FP + S treatments increased by 55.67% and 75.98%, respectively. Moreover,the FP + M treatment had a better effect on increasing soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen than the FP + S treatment. Boththe FP + M and FP + S treatments significantly increased the total soil organic carbon content by 3.10% and 29.80%, respectively,compared with the conventional fertilization treatment. The FP + M treatment had the highest microbial biomass carbon content, reach.ing 72.73 mg/kg, which was 30.48% higher than that of the conventional fertilization treatment, effectively enhancing the soil carbonpool function and microbial activity. In terms of yield performance, the maize grain yield in the FP + M and FP + S treatments in.creased by 20.70% and 18.52%, respectively, compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, and the number of grains per earalso increased significantly. In conclusion, both straw returning and organic fertilizer application are effective technical models for im.proving the fertility of irrigation silt soil and maize yield in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia. Among them, the conventionalfertilization + 9 000 kg/ha organic fertilizer treatment had the best comprehensive effect and could be used as a preferred technical so.lution for sustainable agricultural development in this region.

S513；S147.2

国家重点研发计划( 2024YFD1700404)；国家自然科学基金( 32460324)；宁夏回族自治区重大成果转化项目( 2025CJE09007)。