为提升马铃薯脱毒种薯生产的节本增效水平，针对当前马铃薯原原种栽培基质单一，资源利用率和产投比低等问题，探讨不同基质下增密对马铃薯脱毒苗农艺性状、产量性状及经济效益的影响，评价不同栽培模式的可持续性。以陇薯 10号脱毒试管苗为材料，设置蛭石、椰糠、蛭石 +椰糠(体积比为 1∶1) 3种栽培基质为主区， 3个种植密度( 200、250、300株/m2)为副区，研究了栽培基质、种植密度及两者互作对马铃薯脱毒苗农艺性状、产量性状以及经济效益的影响，并对不同栽培模式的可持续性进行了评价。结果表明，蛭石 +椰糠(体积比为 1∶1)处理提高了马铃薯脱毒苗的农艺性状及产量性状，其中种植密度为 250株/m2处理脱毒苗移栽成活率、叶片 SPAD值、叶面积指数均最高，成活率较其他处理提高 0.1~1.2个百分点，叶片 SPAD值、叶面积指数分别提高 2.0%~12.7%、5.6%~31.0%；马铃薯原原种产量、有效薯产量分别较其他处理提高了 20.3%~29.9%、19.3%~29.6%。在基质为蛭石时，种植密度为 300株/m2的处理生产成本最高，为 115元/m2；净收益最低，为 55.2元/m2；而蛭石 +椰糠(体积比为 1∶1)基质配合 250株/m2种植密度的处理，生产成本为 102.5元/m2，净收益达 94.8元/m2。综合 10个指标发现蛭石 +椰糠(体积比为 1∶1)基质配合 250株/m2种植密度的处理同样具有较优的可持续评价指数。因此，采用栽培基质为蛭石 +椰糠(体积比为 1∶1)、种植密度 250株/m2较现有栽培模式提高了原原种产量及经济效益，具有较高的可持续性，可作为提高铃薯原原种增产增收的主要生产技术。

To enhance the cost-effectiveness of virus-free seed potato production, this study aimed to address the current is.sues of single cultivation substrate for potato minitubers, low resource utilization rate and low input-output ratio. Effects of differentsubstrates and increased planting densities on the agronomic and yield traits of virus-free potato seedlings and economic benefits wereinvestigated, and the sustainability of different cultivation models was evaluated. Using virus-free test-tube seedlings of Longshu 10as the material, 3 cultivation substrates, i.e., vermiculite, coconut coir, and vermiculite + coconut coir (volume ratio, 1:1), were set asthe main plots, and 3 planting densities (200, 250, and 300 plants/m2) were set as the subplots. Effects of cultivation substrate, plant.ing density, and their interactions on the agronomic and yield traits of virus-free potato seedlings and economic benefits were studied,and the sustainability of different cultivation models was evaluated. Results showed that the vermiculite + coconut coir (volume ratio,1:1) treatment improved the agronomic and yield traits of virus-free potato seedlings. Among them, the 250 plants/m2 treatment had the highest survival rate of virus-free seedlings, SPAD value of leaves, and leaf area index. The survival rate was 0.1 to 1.2 percentagepoints higher than that of other treatments, and the SPAD value of leaves and leaf area index were increased by 2.0% to 12.7% and5.6% to 31.0%, respectively. The yield of potato minitubers and effective tuber yield were increased by 20.3% to 29.9% and 19.3% tO₂9.6%, respectively, compared with the 200 and 300 plants/m2 treatments. Under the vermiculite substrate, the 300 plants/m2 plantingdensity treatment had the highest production cost of 115 Yuan/m2 and the lowest net income of 55.2 Yuan/m2. However, the treatment with vermiculite + coconut coir (volume ratio,1:1) substrate and 250 plants/m2 planting density had a production cost of 102.5 Yuan/m2 and a net income of 94.8 Yuan/m2. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of 10 indicators, the treatment with vermiculite + coconutcoir (volume ratio,1:1) substrate and 250 plants/m2 planting density also had a relatively high sustainability evaluation index. There.fore, the cultivation model with vermiculite + coconut coir (volume ratio,1:1) substrate and 250 plants/m2 density can increase the yieldand economic benefits of potato minitubers compared with the existing cultivation model and thus has higher sustainability. It can beused as a main production technology to increase the yield and income of potato minitubers.

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甘肃省科技计划项目( 23CXGJ0020、22CX2NJ004)；定西市科技计划项目( DX2024JP013、DX2025BYN049)。作者简介:张增强( 1983—)，男，甘肃通渭人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事农业技术推广工作。 Email:zqzhang2009cn@ 163.com。通信作者:焦智辉( 1994—)，男，甘肃通渭人，硕士，主要从事农业技术推广工作。 Email:jzh05055525@163.com。