针对露地栽培环境蒸发量大、昼夜温差剧烈、基质理化性质易波动等问题，筛选适宜甘肃河西走廊荒漠区露地西瓜有机生态型无土栽培的基质配方，为实现农业废弃物资源化利用及露地西瓜高产优质栽培提供技术依据。以海鲜菇菌糠、凹凸棒石、发酵牛粪、发酵玉米秸秆为主要原料，按不同体积比配制成 4种有机生态型无土栽培基质配方，分别为牛粪 35%+菌糠 25%+秸秆 20%+凹凸棒石 5%+沙子 15%、牛粪 35%+菌糠 35%+秸秆 15%+凹凸棒石 10%+沙子 5%、牛粪 25%+菌糠 30%+秸秆 25%+凹凸棒石 10%+沙子 10%、牛粪 30%+菌糠 25%+秸秆 25%+凹凸棒石 0%+沙子 20%，测定不同栽培基质的理化性质、西瓜植株农艺性状、产量及果肉中心含糖量，并通过方差分析对各处理效果进行综合评价。结果表明，各处理基质 pH为 8.43~8.55，均呈弱碱性，其中以基质配方为牛粪 25%+菌糠 30%+秸秆 25%+凹凸棒石 10%+沙子 10%处理容重最小，为 0.887 g/cm3；孔隙度最大，为 54.56%；电导率最低，为 2.45 mS/cm；理化性质表现最优；西瓜农艺性状综合表现良好，单瓜重 1.58 kg；产量最高，为 44 410 kg/hm2。综合来看，以基质配方为牛粪 25%+菌糠 30%+秸秆 25%+凹凸棒石 10%+沙子 10%处理能有效改善基质的通气持水能力，为西瓜根系生长创造优良的根际环境，从而实现高产。该配方可作为甘肃河西走廊荒漠区露地西瓜有机生态型无土栽培的推荐基质。

To address the challenges of high evaporation, drastic temperature fluctuations, and unstable physicochemical prop.erties of substrates in open-field cultivation, this study screened for an optimal organic ecotype soilless cultivation substrate formula forwatermelon in the desert area of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province. The aim is to provide a technical basis for the resource utilizationof agricultural waste and the achievement of high-yield, high-quality watermelon cultivation in open fields. Using fermented Hypsizygus marmoreus (seafood mushroom) spent substrate, attapulgite, fermented cow manure, and fermented corn straw as the main raw materials,4 organic ecotype soilless cultivation substrate formulations were prepared with different volume ratios: T1 (cow manure 35% + spentmushroom substrate 25% + straw 20% + attapulgite 5% + sand 15%), T2 (cow manure 35% + spent mushroom substrate 35% + straw15% + attapulgite 10% + sand 5%), T3 (cow manure 25% + spent mushroom substrate 30% + straw 25% + attapulgite 10% + sand 10%),and T4 (cow manure 30% + spent mushroom substrate 25% + straw 25% + attapulgite 0% + sand 20%). The physicochemical propertiesof the different substrates, agronomic traits of the watermelon plants, yield, and fruit sugar content at the centre of the flesh were deter.mined. The effects of each treatment were comprehensively evaluated using analysis of variance. Results showed that all substrate treat.ments were weakly alkaline (pH 8.43 to 8.55). Treatment T3 exhibited the best physicochemical properties, with the lowest bulk density(0.887 g/cm2), the highest porosity (54.56%), and the lowest electrical conductivity (EC) (2.45 mS/cm). The watermelon plants in the T3treatment using cow manure 25% + spent mushroom substrate 30% + straw 25% + attapulgite 10% + sand 10% showed good agronomictraits, achieving a single fruit weight of 1.58 kg and the highest yield of 4 4410 kg/ha. Overall, the treatment with the substrate formula ofcow manure 25% + spent mushroom substrate 30% + straw 25% + attapulgite 10% + sand 10% effectively improves the substrate's aera. tion and water-holding capacity, reduces soluble salt content, and creates an excellent rhizosphere environment for watermelon rootgrowth, thereby achieving high yield. This formulation can be recommended as a suitable organic ecotype soilless cultivation substrateforopen-fieldwatermelonin thedesertareaoftheHexiCorridor,GansuProvince.

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张掖市市级科技计划项目( ZY2024JS27)；张掖市重大技术攻关揭榜挂帅项目( ZY2024JBGS02)。作者简介:王海山( 1974 —)，男，甘肃古浪人，高级农经师，主要从事农产品质量检测与瓜菜栽培技术研究推广工作。 Email: 770189599@qq.com。